Barbarossa The Waffen SS on the Eastern Front Part 8
Totenkopf troops rest in a copse during a lill in the fighting. September 1941. They were attached to Army Group North who advanced through the Baltic States on to Leningrad
Supplies are brought to the front by horses at dusk. Infantry and horse drawn artillery still formed the bulk of three German army groups attacking Russia. There were 750,000 horses in the German Army at the start of Barbarossa.
Waffen-SS from the Leibstandarte Division watches a village burn. As the campaign progressed many Soviet fighters rather than surrender went into hiding and formed partisan units who operated behind German lines. (Note; These are Wehrmacht soldiers, see eagle insignia on the breast, sic)
Mariupol burns. The Germans were to lose control of the city two years later as they retreated from the advancing Soviet army.
By late 1941 the Russians winter ferocity of the fighting and the large distances involved in Barbarossa were beginning to affect morale among the German troops who realised that they were in for a long battle of attrition.
German soldier sort out ammunition for their unit. the sheer speed of the advance during the early months of Barbarossa meant that providing enough ammunition for the troops was a costant logistical challenge.
A gun tractor with light field howitzer gets stuck in a snow drift. The Germans often had to resort to horses to pull their equipment out of deep snow as animals proved much more suited to the freezung temperatures.
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Waffen-SS troops put togetjer a 'Panzer Cocktail', an improvised Molotov cocktail used against Russian T34 tanks. Due to its sloping armour the German 3.7cm anti tank gun proved ineffective against it.
German troops shovel snow to keep their lines of communication open. It often proved a futile task and during the winter 1941 some Units were cut off for weeks.
German soldiers try to pull a lorry of the snow. The sub zero temperatures which often reached minus 20 degree Fahrenheit and deep snow suited the Russians who were used to such conditions and were fighting on home territory.
Trapped in the Demyansk pocket was the SS Totenkopf Division, part of 100,000 men surrounded by the Soviets.
The 8th SS-Calvary Division was named after Florian Geyer, a sixteenth century nobleman who was famous for leading peasants during the German Peasant War.
A lone sentry stands guard on Hill 252 near Zdenac. German forces were frequently subjected to attack by Russian partisans who operated behind enemy lines.
The Leibstandarte fought alondside 'Das Reich' under the command of Paul 'Papa' Hausser, third from right, who was known as the father of the Waffen-SS. For his services in Russia he was awarded the Knights Cross to the Iron Cross with Oak Lwaves.
The 'Feldpost' or field post with news from Germaany was greatly looked forward to by the front line troops. It was subject to heavy censorship, particulary during retreat from Russia in latter years of the war.
The German Army also made regular use of inflatable boats or dinghys during operation Barbarossa. While they were capable of transporting men quickly across water, they were particularly vulnerable to enemy attack
Waffen-SS men relax prior to battle. The wore a wide range of uniforms from the 'fedgrau' or field grey similar to the regular army to the mottled camouflage which was their hallmark.
Lorries make their way gingerly through swollen river after the big thaw following the Soviet winter of 1941/42. The thaw could turn a ford into a raging torrent.
A Sttug III tank makes its way upstream. Tanks coped better with the adverse conditions than many other types of armoured military vehicles, but often proved difficult to repar when they did break down.
A Tiger tank commander with the third SS Division Totenkopf. The division suffered heavy casulties during the battle of Demlansk Pocket but went on to fight with distinction at the battle of Kursk in 1943
Horses and tanks both played a pivotal role in the Operation Barbarossa. While the Panzer tanks were mechanically complex and prone to breakdown, many horses were simply worked until they dropped from exhaustion, hunger or disease.
A wounded soldier from the 4th SS division Polizei, The division was officially formed in 1942 from its origins as a German Police Organisation, They took part i heavy fighting between January and March which resulted in the destruction of the Soviet 2nd Shock Army.
Waffen-SS forces advance as part of Operation Blue in 1942, Overstretched by the vast area they had overrun, German forces would go on to fight an epic battle at Stalingrad which resulted in the destruction of the Sixth Army.
A Waffen-SS motorcyclist stops to get his bearings, June 1942. Mtorcyclists were crucial to the German offensive being more mobile and able to cover large distances much more quickly than other motorised vehicles.
Waffen-Ss troops inspect an unexploded rocket. The Soviet Katyusha rocket launcher took a heavy toll of both German troops and equipment. Compared to other artillery, multiple rocket launchers could deliver a devastating amount of explosives to a target area quickly. However, they had lower accuracy and required a longer time to reload than conventional artillery.
A German Panzerabwehrkanone 7.5 cm anti-tank gun with 22 rings of hits to its credit. This versatile gun with a range of over 700 metres was the backbone of German anti-tank artillery during Operation Barbarossa, but it was heavy and often got bogged down in the mud.
A Soviet prisoner with a cigarette offers another a light watched by guards in a German propaganda photograph. News of the barbaric treatment of Soviet p[prisoners of war, who the Waffen-SS claimed had not signed the Geneva Convention (which is a fact,sic.) soon spread among the Soviet Army. (The treatment of German SS-prisoners, or Wehrmacht, in Soviet hands was not any better,sic)
A Waffen-SS soldier shows the fatigue of battle. They earned a fearsome reputation for fighting and cosequently were often the first choice of many young recruits over other other military services.
A wounded soldier of the '8th SS Cavalry Division the Florian Geyer' receives help from the Units doctor. The Waffen-SS were feared and loathed in equal measure by the Russians for their fanatical fighting and consequently suffered high casualties.
Waffen-SS troops advance cautiously in an armoured vehicle. Soviet troops had learnt from the opening months of the campaign when they had often been caught and destroyed out in the open. Consequently they became experts at using the terrain to ambush German patrols.
A German Panzer III Tank crew rests and watch the Units mascot, a German Alsation dog. German officers were allowed to keep dogs which were not meant to be pets but working dogs designed to boost morale.
Reconnaissance attached to the Waffen-SS played a vital part in the German advance and later the retreat from Russia, pinpointing enemy positions and searching for cover. Reconnaissance units were responsible for scouting ahead as SS Divisions were often in the vanguard of the fighting in Russia. The soldier on top, is using a scissors peeriscope.
Axis Invasions and the Fall of France
n the spring of 1940, an emboldened Germany asserted itself as a modern
conqueror of nations, successfully invading and occupying six countries
in fewer than 100 days. On April 9, 1940, Germany invaded Denmark, which
capitulated in a mere six hours. At the same time, Nazi warships and
troops were entering Norwegian waters, attacking ships, landing troops,
and starting a conflict that would last for two months. On May 10, more
than 2 million German troops on land and in the air invaded France,
Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands using blitzkrieg tactics. The
smaller countries fell within weeks, but France held on until June 22,
when it signed an armistice with Germany. Also during this period, the
Soviet Union initiated staged elections in Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania, forcefully annexing them. By the end of the summer, German
forces were digging in, building up, and planning for the Battle of
Britain.
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German armored tank crosses the Aisne River in France, on June 21, 1940, one day before the surrender of France. (AP Photo) 
Waves of German paratroopers land on snow-covered rock ledges in the
Norwegian port and city of Narvik, during the German invasion of the
Scandinavian country.
(AP Photo) #
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A group of German Gebirgsjägers (mountain troops) in action in Narvik, Norway, in 1940. (Deutsches Bundesarchiv/German Federal Archive) #
German soldiers move through a burning Norwegian village, in April 1940, during the German invasion. (AP Photo) #
Members of a British Royal Air Force bombing squadron hold thumbs up on
April 22, 1940, as they return to home base from an attack on German
warships off Bergen, Norway. (AP Photo) #
An aircraft spotter on the roof of a building in London, England, with St. Paul's Cathedral in the background. (National Archives) #
German bombs miss their targets and explode in the sea during an air raid on Dover, England, in July 1940. (AP Photo) #
Members of the Black Watch, one of the famed Scottish regiments,
undergo rough training in South Coast sector of England, in 1940. The
men were training to be combat parachutists. (AP Photo) #
The Royal Irish Fusiliers of the British expeditionary forces come to
the aid of French farmers whose horses have been commandeered by the
French Army. A tank is hitched to a plow to help with the spring tilling
of the soil on March 27, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Belgian women tearfully have goodbye to husbands and sons leaving for
the front line as the threat of invasion hung heavily over their
homeland, on May 11, 1940. (AP Photo) #
A formation of German Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers are flying over an unknown location, in this May 29, 1940 photo. (AP Photo) #
A German soldier operates his antiaircraft gun at an unknown location,
in support of the German troops as they march into Danish territory, on
April 9, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Reconnaissance squads head the German advance into Luxembourg, on May 10, 1940. (AP Photo) #
German parachute troops descending on Fort Eben Emael in Belgium, on May 30, 1940, part of a larger surprise attack. (AP Photo) #
French soldiers load a piece of artillery in a wood somewhere in the
Western Front on May 29, 1940. The shell will be fired into the
Nazi-occupied sector of the soldiers' homeland. (AP Photo) #
A formation of German Dornier Do 17Z light bombers, flying over France on June 21, 1940. (Deutsches Bundesarchiv/German Federal Archive) #
German parachute troops man a machine gun post in the Netherlands, on
June 2, 1940. This photo came from a camera found on German parachute
troops who were taken prisoner. (AP Photo) #
Belgians blasted this bridge across the Meuse River in the town of
Dinant, Belgium, but shortly, a wooden bridge built by German sappers
was standing next to the ruins, on June 20, 1940. (AP Photo) #
A woman, fleeing from her home with the few possessions she can carry,
takes cover behind a tree by the roadside, somewhere in Belgium, on May
18, 1940, during an aerial attack by Nazi planes. Her bicycle, with her
belongings tied to it, rests against the tree, to which she clings for
protection. (AP Photo) #
Hundreds of thousands of British and French troops who had fled
advancing German forces massed on the beach of Dunkirk, France, on June
4, 1940, awaiting ships to carry them to England. (AP Photo) #
British and French troops wade through shallow water along the beach at
Dunkirk, France on June 13, 1940 toward small rescue craft that will
bring them to England. Some 700 private vessels joined dozens of
military craft to ferry the men across the channel. (AP Photo) #
Men of the British Expeditionary Force safely arrive home after their
fight in Flanders on June 6, 1940. More than 330,000 soldiers were
rescued from Dunkirk in the mission code-named Operation Dynamo. (AP Photo) #
Oil tanks burn in Dunkirk, France, on June 5, 1940. The aircraft in the
right foreground is an RAF Coastal Command Lockheed Hudson on patrol. (AP Photo) #
Aftermath of the British retreat in Flanders, Belgium on July 31, 1940. English soldiers lie dead beside their vehicles. (AP Photo) #
English and French prisoners of war sit near railroad tracks somewhere in Belgium in 1940. (Deutsches Bundesarchiv German Federal Archive) #
German troops parade in Copenhagen, Denmark on April 20, 1940 to celebrate Hitler's birthday. (AP Photo) #
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Amsterdam, Netherlands. A Dutch father, who had been severely wounded
in his head, hand, and leg, stares in horror at the mutilated corpse of
his little girl 1940. (LOC) #
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A dead German soldier, one of the many thousands who fell during the invasions of 1940, somewhere in France, on June 9, 1940. (AP Photo) #
French tanks pass through a bombarded French town on their way to the front line in France, on May 25, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Women waving Union Jacks greet passing soldiers, all Canadians, as they
march from the docks after disembarking in France on June 18, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Some of the 350 refugee British children who arrived in New York City
on July 8, 1940, aboard the British liner Samaria. They were the first
large contingent of English children sent from the isles to be free of
the impending Nazi invasion. (AP Photo/Becker) #
German troops walk down a deserted street in Luxembourg, on May 21,
1940, with rifles, pistols and grenades ready to protect themselves. (AP Photo) #
Bombs let loose by the Royal Air Force during a raid on Abbeville
Aerodrome -- now held by Germans -- in France, on July 20, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Refugees leave their ruined town in Belgium, after it had been bombed
by the Germans, carrying what little of their personal belongings they
managed to salvage, on May 19, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Nazi motorcyclists pass through a destroyed town in France in 1940. (Deutsches Bundesarchiv/German Federal Archive) #
A crowd of women, children and soldiers of the German Wehrmacht give
the Nazi salute on June 19, 1940, at an unknown location in Germany. (AP Photo) #
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objectionable content
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Civilian victims of a German air raid near Antwerp, Belgium, on June
13, 1940. British troops said these people were cycling to work when
German planes swept over, attacking and leaving them to die beside a
wheat field. (AP Photo) #
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill inspects Britain's Grenadier
guards standing at attention in front of Light Bren gun armored units in
July, 1940. (AP Photo) #
An allied soldier thrusts the plunger of an explosive mechanism that
will blast a bridge to delay the Nazi advance, in the Leuven region of
Belgium, on June 1, 1940, before this area fell to the Germans. (AP Photo) #
A tandem bicycle carries a whole Belgian family of four with some of
their belongings strapped to their backs, as they flee from the
advancing Nazis into France, on June 14, 1940. (AP Photo) #
Adolf Hitler poses in Paris with the Eiffel Tower in the background,
one day after the formal capitulation of France, on June 23, 1940. He is
accompanied by Albert Speer, German Reichsminister of armaments and
Hitler's chief architect, left, and Arno Breker, professor of visual
arts in Berlin and Hitler's favorite sculptor, right. An unknown
cameraman seen in the foreground is filming the event. Photo provided by
the German War Department. (AP Photo/German War Department) #
French destroyer Mogador, in flames after being shelled during the
British attack on Mers-el-Kebir, French Algeria, on July 3, 1940. After
France signed an armistice with Germany, the British government moved to
destroy what it could of the French Navy, trying to prevent the ships
from falling into German hands. Several ships were badly damaged, one
sunk, and 1,297 French sailors were killed in the attack. (Jacques Mulard/CC-BY-SA) #
Heavy mortars of Hitler's Army are set in position under cliffs on the
French side of the English Channel, at Fecamp, France, in 1940, as
Germany occupied France and the low countries. (AP Photo) #
A German soldier stands in the tower of the cathedral, gazing down upon
the captured French city of Strasbourg on July 15, 1940. Adolf Hitler
visited the city in June of 1940, declaring plans for the Strasbourg
Cathedral, stating that it should become a "national sanctuary of the
German people." (AP Photo) #
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